In this chapter we deal with gangs poverty and the future. James Virgil examines urban street gangs in the context of the neighborhoods where chicanos and the other ethnic groups are encounted in Los angeles CA. James has been examining the spanish neighborhoods of Los Angeles for thirty years. He suggests early prevention tactics are likely to be more beneficial and less costly.
Virgil learned that street gangs are the offspring of margilization. The effects of poverty in children's lives are clear, what they learn in streets shapes and molds them in powerful ways. The children of the poor are put at risk by factors over which they have no control : their family's living conditions, work conditions, work situations and also health problems.
With such structural barriers firmly in place , some young people learn to pursue alternative opportunity paths , many of which are illegal. Large Scale societal forces lead to economical instability and employment barriers, the fragmentation of social control material impoverishment and psychological strains among large segments of ethnic communities in Los Angeles.
Law enforcement and suppression already overtaxed as solution to a problem they did noy start,are having only moderate and uneven success in addressing the gang problems.Virgil states that it makes no difference how many jails we will build , are set aside for each new gang the current strategy has failed. What is needed today to address the gang problems and related social problems is a balance of prevention, intervention, and law enforcements.
Saturday, October 15, 2011
burgois by giraysuli
Phillipe burgois shows that those who become drug dealers due to many reasons. One has to do with the quality of work which they find in the legitimate sector of the economy.drug dealers, as he shows have had legal jobs , but they but they find their relationships with their superiors in these jobs unsatisfactory. In the incidents described here, the young Puertorican felt unable to use the ways of behaving that they learned in el barrio in mainstream jobs.
Phillipe burgois lived in east harlem for approximately three years during the late 1980's and 90's.
He lived in a irregularly heated , rat filled tenement. This neighborhood was known as el barrio or spanish harlem. The majority of el barrio's 110, 600 puerto ricans and african americans residents fell into ranks of the working poor.
all the crack dealers and addicts he interviewed had worked at one or more legal jobs in their early youths.Most entered the labor market at a younger age than any other american. One example is Primo, the night manager at a video game arcade that sells five dollar vials of crack in the block where Phillipe lived, pursued a traditional working class dream in his early adolescence. Primo dropped out of Junior High School to work in a local garment factory due to support of his extended kin who were all immersed in a working class common sense.
The underground economy and the social relations thriving off it are best understood as logical products of US political and economical policies toward the poor. Most of the general public are not pursuaded by a structural economic understanding of Primo's self-destruction Social science research ignores the urgent social problems facing urban USA.
Phillipe burgois lived in east harlem for approximately three years during the late 1980's and 90's.
He lived in a irregularly heated , rat filled tenement. This neighborhood was known as el barrio or spanish harlem. The majority of el barrio's 110, 600 puerto ricans and african americans residents fell into ranks of the working poor.
all the crack dealers and addicts he interviewed had worked at one or more legal jobs in their early youths.Most entered the labor market at a younger age than any other american. One example is Primo, the night manager at a video game arcade that sells five dollar vials of crack in the block where Phillipe lived, pursued a traditional working class dream in his early adolescence. Primo dropped out of Junior High School to work in a local garment factory due to support of his extended kin who were all immersed in a working class common sense.
The underground economy and the social relations thriving off it are best understood as logical products of US political and economical policies toward the poor. Most of the general public are not pursuaded by a structural economic understanding of Primo's self-destruction Social science research ignores the urgent social problems facing urban USA.
Monday, October 10, 2011
goode by giray suli
In this chapter Goode seeks to refute stereotypes of poor people as irreational human beings who must be taught by govermental actions. She argues that the insights provided by urban athnopology have shown people that are ppor given their limited choices are just as rational in finding solutions to their problems.as are people in other social strata. Goode criticizes oscar lewis's cultire of poverty as legitimizing explanations of persistent poverty that lay theblame on pathological individual behavior and culture of thr poor.
Urban Anthropology has been involved in both generation and critique of myths about behavior of the poor.Goode explores the contributons of such anthropology toward humanizind poor people in the face of sensationalized accounts of pathological personalities and dysfunctional family structures.
Ethnograpy involves long-term close-up personal observation and listening to people in context of their everyday lives.THe belief that poor people are culturally removed from the mainstream found in allusions to a culture of poverty is an aspect of the culture or ideology of industrial capitalism. We will be examining some insights about living in poverty generated by Lewis and other anthropologists.
We are indebted to Lewis for demonstrating many of the ingenious material coping practices among poor Mexicans And Puertoricans.Rather than illustrating laziness and work avoidance ethnographers have discovered that making ends needs involves hard work skills and management skills. Explanig poverty by blaming poor peoples behaviors has a long history in western capitilization.
The depiction of life experiences of the poor illuminates the ways in which social structure , especiallythe wage-labor market and many of the social bureaucracies unintentionally work to perpetrate structural violence among the poor. Instead of working to reform the poor, ethnographic work argues for reforming these structures and building on the personal and social strengths of the poor people themselves.
Urban Anthropology has been involved in both generation and critique of myths about behavior of the poor.Goode explores the contributons of such anthropology toward humanizind poor people in the face of sensationalized accounts of pathological personalities and dysfunctional family structures.
Ethnograpy involves long-term close-up personal observation and listening to people in context of their everyday lives.THe belief that poor people are culturally removed from the mainstream found in allusions to a culture of poverty is an aspect of the culture or ideology of industrial capitalism. We will be examining some insights about living in poverty generated by Lewis and other anthropologists.
We are indebted to Lewis for demonstrating many of the ingenious material coping practices among poor Mexicans And Puertoricans.Rather than illustrating laziness and work avoidance ethnographers have discovered that making ends needs involves hard work skills and management skills. Explanig poverty by blaming poor peoples behaviors has a long history in western capitilization.
The depiction of life experiences of the poor illuminates the ways in which social structure , especiallythe wage-labor market and many of the social bureaucracies unintentionally work to perpetrate structural violence among the poor. Instead of working to reform the poor, ethnographic work argues for reforming these structures and building on the personal and social strengths of the poor people themselves.
seth low by giray suli
This section is about edge and center gated communities and discourse of urban fear. Seth Low talks about the fear that cause people to move even farther from urban centers. The historical division between rural and urban exacerbates this tendency by sorting researchers into seperate disciplinary and metholodgical camps. While residents living in gated communities may feel more secure behind their walls, this sense of safety at home increases their fears of the city that remains behind their gates.
A majority of people interviewed perceived an increase of crime in their urban neighborhoods before moving to a gated community. Eighteen of twenty people interviewed included discussions of residents' search for a sense of safety and security in their choice of gated community. One finding was that once people lived in a gated community they say that they would always choose a gated community again.
Field methods included open ended interviews with residents, participants - observation within and around the communities.The interviews lasted between one and two hours. The research team collected interviews from New York and San Antonio. In New York nine of ten interviewees spoke about urban crime as a reason for selecting a gated community Nine out of ten of interviewees are from local area and moved from ny city or nearby long island urban center. Nine of interviewees in San Antonio mention crime and fear of others as a reason for leaving. Residents of San Antonio ; Felicia and Donna worry about threats to their chicren. They describe how life would be better in gated communities.
In this chapter I learned about thr fears of people living in urban areas. Two areas dealing with urban fear include San Antonio and New York. I learned how much people prefer gated communities over other residential areas. I read about the kidnappings in San Antonio and robberies in New York.
A majority of people interviewed perceived an increase of crime in their urban neighborhoods before moving to a gated community. Eighteen of twenty people interviewed included discussions of residents' search for a sense of safety and security in their choice of gated community. One finding was that once people lived in a gated community they say that they would always choose a gated community again.
Field methods included open ended interviews with residents, participants - observation within and around the communities.The interviews lasted between one and two hours. The research team collected interviews from New York and San Antonio. In New York nine of ten interviewees spoke about urban crime as a reason for selecting a gated community Nine out of ten of interviewees are from local area and moved from ny city or nearby long island urban center. Nine of interviewees in San Antonio mention crime and fear of others as a reason for leaving. Residents of San Antonio ; Felicia and Donna worry about threats to their chicren. They describe how life would be better in gated communities.
In this chapter I learned about thr fears of people living in urban areas. Two areas dealing with urban fear include San Antonio and New York. I learned how much people prefer gated communities over other residential areas. I read about the kidnappings in San Antonio and robberies in New York.
gmelch and gmelch by giray suli
This article concerns about student fieldworkers in villages and cities. The chapter compares the research and field experiences of students studying in rural villages compared to those in cities.
Students doing fieldwork in cities have greater difficulty identifying a community. Village fieldworkers had more difficult time adjusting to thr culture. Gmelch and Gmelch give example of two places concerning fieldwork. Students from Ireland and Barbados were placed with local families, one student to a community.
Half of the worlds' population now lives in urban areas, about 70 percent will be city dwellers. Students abroad feel anxious and doubt their ability to make freinds in new settings. The students are intimidated by requirements of doing fieldwork. The days when cultural anthropologists studied small-scale societies are gone.
While field school students once did traditional ''people and places'' village ethnopography today they practice anthropology. One measure of adjustment in the field is culture shock anxiety and feelings of confusion people experience when forced to operate in new culture environment.
Finally the field school setting-village versus city does influence the conduct of fieldwork and the character of student ethnographers ' experiences. Students who do fieldwork in the city have greater difficulty than those in villages identifying a community and locating informants. Those students' personal adjustment is easier in the city . Whether in village or city all students benifited from living in and conducting researches in another culture.
Students doing fieldwork in cities have greater difficulty identifying a community. Village fieldworkers had more difficult time adjusting to thr culture. Gmelch and Gmelch give example of two places concerning fieldwork. Students from Ireland and Barbados were placed with local families, one student to a community.
Half of the worlds' population now lives in urban areas, about 70 percent will be city dwellers. Students abroad feel anxious and doubt their ability to make freinds in new settings. The students are intimidated by requirements of doing fieldwork. The days when cultural anthropologists studied small-scale societies are gone.
While field school students once did traditional ''people and places'' village ethnopography today they practice anthropology. One measure of adjustment in the field is culture shock anxiety and feelings of confusion people experience when forced to operate in new culture environment.
Finally the field school setting-village versus city does influence the conduct of fieldwork and the character of student ethnographers ' experiences. Students who do fieldwork in the city have greater difficulty than those in villages identifying a community and locating informants. Those students' personal adjustment is easier in the city . Whether in village or city all students benifited from living in and conducting researches in another culture.
Sunday, October 2, 2011
pgs. 171-184 giray suli
This chapter talks about urban structure and institutions. Wirth's approach on urbanism as a way of life was challenged by Anthropologists These anthropologists carried out researches in cities beyond America. We figured out that living in cities-whether Africa or Latin america it could be positive process for people.
Careful research in large and small cities around the world has shown that urban structures and institutions in these places are critical to the success or failure people encounter in cities. One of the first and most influential studies to reveal the powerful impact of urban structure belonged to Oscar Lewis. He demonstrated how social structure and institution especially family help people adapt to urban life.
The cultrure of poverty is both an adaption and a reaction of the poor to their marginal position in a class -stratified , highly individuated capitalistic society. The culture of poverty , however is not only adaption to a set of objective conditions of the larger society. Most frequently the culture of poverty develops when a stratified social and economic system is breaking down or is being replaced by another as in the case of the transition from feudalism to capitalism or during periods of rapid technological change,
I learned about the culture of poverty. I learned how Oscar Lewis played an important role in exploring Urban Life. Anthropologists argued Wirth's meaning of Urban Life. Also I learned that the future of poverty is in question.
Careful research in large and small cities around the world has shown that urban structures and institutions in these places are critical to the success or failure people encounter in cities. One of the first and most influential studies to reveal the powerful impact of urban structure belonged to Oscar Lewis. He demonstrated how social structure and institution especially family help people adapt to urban life.
The cultrure of poverty is both an adaption and a reaction of the poor to their marginal position in a class -stratified , highly individuated capitalistic society. The culture of poverty , however is not only adaption to a set of objective conditions of the larger society. Most frequently the culture of poverty develops when a stratified social and economic system is breaking down or is being replaced by another as in the case of the transition from feudalism to capitalism or during periods of rapid technological change,
I learned about the culture of poverty. I learned how Oscar Lewis played an important role in exploring Urban Life. Anthropologists argued Wirth's meaning of Urban Life. Also I learned that the future of poverty is in question.
Saturday, October 1, 2011
pgs. 157-169 giray suli
This chapter is about transportation and knowledge in Sao paulo. Pardue explores space and social difference in Sao paulo, Brazil.He argues that not only can people discover some traits about social class by understanding types of transportation like train , bus and automobile used by certain citizens, of course those involved in hip hop music scenes but also from very different maps of the city include with the modes of transportation.
Space is very important because it includes one of the most palpable idealogies of social difference and power.This reading reflects on the theory that social difference is spatialized and that we can approach this difference and it's social dynamics by focusing on meaning of transportation.It is crucial to know and remember that two main determining forces of modern Sao Paulo landscapes are industry and real estate capitalism.
Sao Paulo is a mega city , a chatic area with about 20 million people.One out of ten Brazilians live in Sao Paulo metro area. Pardue's experience in Sao Paulo has been dominated by fieldwork with local hip hoppers and graffiti artists. He's been also conquering various city spaces within this place called Sao Paulo.
Reading this chapter I learned that space is one of the most palpable ideologies of social difference and power. I also learned about facts about transportation in Sao Paulo I learned that Pardue did a good job on exploring Sao Paulo. Finally I learned how importation in Sao Paulo is important like in America.
Space is very important because it includes one of the most palpable idealogies of social difference and power.This reading reflects on the theory that social difference is spatialized and that we can approach this difference and it's social dynamics by focusing on meaning of transportation.It is crucial to know and remember that two main determining forces of modern Sao Paulo landscapes are industry and real estate capitalism.
Sao Paulo is a mega city , a chatic area with about 20 million people.One out of ten Brazilians live in Sao Paulo metro area. Pardue's experience in Sao Paulo has been dominated by fieldwork with local hip hoppers and graffiti artists. He's been also conquering various city spaces within this place called Sao Paulo.
Reading this chapter I learned that space is one of the most palpable ideologies of social difference and power. I also learned about facts about transportation in Sao Paulo I learned that Pardue did a good job on exploring Sao Paulo. Finally I learned how importation in Sao Paulo is important like in America.
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